Ram Gopal Gupta

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
struct stack
{
int no;
struct stack *next;
}*top=NULL;
typedef struct stack st;
void push();
void pop();
void traverse();
void main(){
int choice;
char ch;
clrscr();
do
{
printf("\n1 push");
printf("\n2 pop");
printf("\n3 traverse");
printf("\n4 exit");
printf("\n Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d",&choice);
switch(choice)
{
case 1: push();
break;
case 2: pop();
break;
case 3: traverse();
break;
case 4: exit(0);
}
}while(choice !=4);
}
void push()
{
st *p;
p=(st*) malloc(sizeof(st));
printf("\n Enter the element to be inserted");
scanf("%d",&p->no);
p->next=top;
top=p;
}

void pop(){
st* p;
p=top;
if(top==NULL)
printf("Stack is already empty");
else
{
top=top->next;
printf("\n The deleted element is %d",p->no);
free (p);
}
}
void traverse()
{
st *p;
p=top;
while(p!=NULL)
{
printf("\nno = %d",p->no);
p=p->next;
}
printf("\nno = %d",p->no);
}

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void push();

void pop();

void traverse();

int stack[5];

int top=-1;

void main(){

int choice;

char ch;

clrscr();

do

{

printf(“\n1 push”);

printf(“\n2 pop”);

printf(“\n3 traverse”);

printf(“\n4 exit”);

printf(“\n Enter your choice: “);

scanf(“%d”,&choice);

switch(choice)

{

case 1: push();

break;

case 2: pop();

break;

case 3: traverse();

break;

case 4: exit(0);

}

}while(choice !=4);

}

void push()

{

int item;

if(top==4)

printf(“\n The stack is full”);

else{

printf(“\n Enter the element to be inserted”);

scanf(“%d”,&item);

top=top+1;

stack[top]=item;

}

}

void pop(){

int item;

if(top==-1){

printf(“The stack is Empty”);

}

else{

item=stack[top];

top=top-1;

printf(“\n The deleted element is %d”,item);

}

}

void traverse()

{

int i;

if(top==-1){

printf(“The stack is Empty”);

}

else{

for(i=top;i>=0;i–){

printf(“\n%d”, stack[i]);

}

}

}

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main(){

char ch;char fname[100];

FILE *fp;int count=0;

printf(“\n Enter File name from read data: “);

gets(fname);

fp=fopen(fname,”r”);

printf(“\n\n The content of the text file is: \n\n”);

while(!feof(fp)){

ch=getc(fp);

switch(ch){

case ‘a’:

case ‘A’:

case ‘e’:

case ‘E’:

case ‘i’:

case ‘I’:

case ‘o’:

case ‘O’:

case ‘u’:

case ‘U’:

count++;

}

printf(“%c”,ch);

}

printf(“\n\n count=%d “,count);

fclose(fp);

}

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main(){

char ch;char fname[100],tname[100];

FILE *fp,*tp;

int i;

printf(“\n Enter File name want to copy: “);

gets(fname);

printf(“\n Enter File name where want to copy: “);

gets(tname);

fp=fopen(fname,”r”);

tp=fopen(tname,”w+”);

printf(“\n Copy in process…\n\n”);

while(!feof(fp)){

ch=getc(fp);

putc(ch,tp);

}

printf(“\nCopied Successfull\n”);

rewind(tp);

while(!feof(tp)){

ch=getc(tp);

printf(“%c”,ch);

}

fclose(fp);

fclose(tp);

}

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<ctype.h>

struct emp_record{

int eno;

char ename[20];

float bpay;

}erec;

FILE *efile;

//———————————————-

void main(){

void createfile(void);

void readfile(void);

void appendrec(void);

void modirec(void);

void deleterec(void);

int n;

do

{

printf(“\n\t Main Menu”);

printf(“\n\t Press 1 – file creation”);

printf(“\n\t Press 2 – reading”);

printf(“\n\t Press 3 – appending”);

printf(“\n\t Press 4 – modify a record”);

printf(“\n\t Press 5 – delete a record”);

printf(“\n\t Press 6 – quit”);

printf(“\n\n Enter your choice: “);

scanf(“%d”,&n);

switch(n){

case 1: createfile();

break;

case 2: readfile();

break;

case 3: appendrec();

break;

case 4: modirec();

break;

case 5: deleterec();

break;

case 6: exit(0);

break;

}

}while(n != 6);

}

//———END MAIN————————-

//—————- file creation ————–

void createfile(void){

char choice=’y’;

efile=fopen(“employ.dat”,”w”);

fflush(stdin);

while(toupper(choice)==’Y’){

printf(“\n Enter the employee No: “);

scanf(“%d”,&erec.eno);

printf(“\n Enter the employee Name: “);

scanf(“%s”,erec.ename);

printf(“\n Enter the employee Basic Pay: “);

scanf(“%f”,&erec.bpay);

fwrite(&erec,sizeof(erec),1,efile);

printf(“\n Press y – to continue “);

printf(“\n Any other key to stop. “);

choice=getche();

}

fclose(efile);

}

//————————————————–

//—————- Read file ———————–

void readfile(void){

efile=fopen(“employ.dat”,”r”);

printf(“\n—————————————–“);

printf(“\nEmp No. Employee Name Basic Pay”);

printf(“\n—————————————–“);

fread(&erec,sizeof(erec),1,efile);

while(!feof(efile))

{

printf(“\n %d \t %-20s %-0.2f”,erec.eno,erec.ename,erec.bpay);

fread(&erec,sizeof(erec),1,efile);

}

printf(“\n—————————————–\n”);

fclose(efile);

printf(“\n Press ant key to continue …”);

getch();

}

//——————————————————

//————— Append records ———————–

void appendrec(void){

char choice=’y’;

efile=fopen(“employ.dat”,”a”);

fflush(stdin);

while(toupper(choice)==’Y’){

printf(“\n Enter the employee No: “);

scanf(“%d”,&erec.eno);

printf(“\n Enter the employee Name: “);

scanf(“%s”,erec.ename);

printf(“\n Enter the employee Basic Pay: “);

scanf(“%f”,&erec.bpay);

fwrite(&erec,sizeof(erec),1,efile);

printf(“\n Press y – to continue “);

printf(“\n Any other key to stop. “);

choice=getche();

}

fclose(efile);

}

//——————————————————

//—————- Modify Record ———————–

void modirec(void){

int temp,flag=0,n;

efile=fopen(“employ.dat”,”r+”);

fflush(stdin);

printf(“\n To modify a record”);

printf(“————————“);

printf(“\n Enter the Roll No.”);

scanf(“%d”,&temp);

rewind(efile);

fread(&erec,sizeof(erec),1,efile);

while(!feof(efile) && flag==0){

if(erec.eno==temp)

{

printf(“\n Existing record details “);

printf(“\n %d \t %-20s %-0.2f”,erec.eno,erec.ename,erec.bpay);

fflush(stdin);

printf(“\n\n Enter the modified details “);

printf(“\n——————————–“);

printf(“\n Enter the employee No: “);

scanf(“%d”,&erec.eno);

printf(“\n Enter the employee Name: “);

scanf(“%s”,erec.ename);

printf(“\n Enter the employee Basic Pay: “);

scanf(“%f”,&erec.bpay);

n=sizeof(erec);

fseek(efile,-n,SEEK_CUR);

fwrite(&erec,n,1,efile);

flag=1;

printf(“\n The record has been modified!”);

}

fread(&erec,sizeof(erec),1,efile);

}

fclose(efile);

if(flag==0)

printf(“\n The given record is not present in the file!!!”);

printf(“\n\t press any key to continue … “);

getch();

}

//————————————————

//————– Delete Record ——————-

void deleterec(void){

int temp,flag=0;

FILE *tfile;

efile=fopen(“employ.dat”,”r”);

tfile=fopen(“temp.dat”,”w”);

printf(“\n To delete a record “);

printf(“\n———————“);

printf(“\n Enter the Roll No. “);

fflush(stdin);

scanf(“%d”,&temp);

fread(&erec,sizeof(erec),1,efile);

while(!feof(efile))

{

if(erec.eno == temp)

{

printf(“\n The given record “);

printf(“\n %d \t %-20s %-0.2f”,erec.eno,erec.ename,erec.bpay);

printf(“\n is deleted !!!”);

flag = 1;

}

else{

fwrite(&erec,sizeof(erec),1,tfile);

}

fread(&erec,sizeof(erec),1,efile);

}

fclose(tfile);

fclose(efile);

remove(“employ.dat”);

rename(“temp.dat”,”employ.dat”);

if(flag == 0)

printf(“\n The given record is not present in thr file!!!”);

printf(“\n\t press any key to continue”);

getch();

}

//————————————————

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main() {
int a[10][10],i,j,k,n,m,min,max,col=0,flag=0,sad=0;
clrscr();
printf(“enter order m,n of mxn matrix”);
scanf(“%d %d”,&m,&n);
printf(“enter elements row-wise”);
for(i=0;i<m;i++)  {
for(j=0;j<n;j++)     {
scanf(“%d”,&a[i][j]);
}
}
printf(“\n given matrix is \n\n”);
for(i=0;i<m;i++) {
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
printf(“%d\t”,a[i][j]);
}
printf(“\n”);
}

for(i=0;i<m;i++) {
min=a[i][0];
for(j=1;j<n;j++)  {
if(a[i][j]==min)      {
flag=1;
}
if(a[i][j]<min)    {
min=a[i][j];
col=j;
flag=0;
}
}
if(flag==1)
printf(“\n no saddle point for row %d”,i+1);
if(flag==0)       {
max=a[0][col];
for(k=1;k<m;k++)  {
if(a[k][col]==max)   {
flag=1;
break;
}   else   {
if(a[k][col]>max)    {
max=a[k][col];
}
}
}
if(max==min && flag !=1)
{
printf(“\n saddle pt.at (%d,%d)”,i+1,col+1);
sad=1;
}
}   // flag=0;

}
if(sad==0)
printf(“\n no saddle poit in matrix “);

getch();

}

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main(int argc, char *argv[]){
int i;
printf(“\n%d”,argc);
for (i=0;i<argc;i++)
printf(“\n%s”,*(argv+i));
}

#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#define N 0
#define Title “ABC”
#ifdef N
#define N 100
#else
#define N 200
#endif
void main(){
printf(“N=%d \n”,N);
printf(“Title=%s \n”,Title);
}

———————————————————————————————-

#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#define N ‘A’
#define BEGIN void main() {
#define END }

BEGIN
printf(“N= %c\n”,N);
END

————————————————————————————————

//d2.c

#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#define N ‘A’
#define BEGIN void main() {
#define END }
void show(){
printf(“void show”);
}

——————————————————————————————————–

#include “d2.c”
BEGIN
show();
printf(“\nN= %c “,N);
END

#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
int power(int,int);

void main(){
int x,n,result;
printf(“Enter number : “);
scanf(“%d”,&x);
printf(“Enter power : “);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
result=power(x,n);
printf(“Power is: %d”,result);
}
int power(int x,int n){
if (n==1)
return x;
else
return (x*power(x,n-1));
}

#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
int fac(int);
void main(){
int num;
printf(“Enter number to get factorial: “);
scanf(“%d”,&num);
num=fac(num);
printf(“Sum is: %d”,num);
}
int fac(int n){
if (n==1)
return 1;
else
return (n*fac(n-1));
}

#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
int sum(int);
void main(){
int num;
printf(“Enter number to get num till: “);
scanf(“%d”,&num);
num=sum(num);
printf(“Sum is: %d”,num);
}
int sum(int n){
if (n==1)
return n;
else
return (n+sum(n-1));
}

#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<alloc.h>
void main(){
int *intPtr,*intPtr2,i;
intPtr=(int*) calloc(15,sizeof(int));
intPtr2=(int*) malloc(15*sizeof(int));
intPtr=realloc(intPtr,20);

//for(i=0;i<5;i++)
//scanf(“%d”,intPtr+i);

for(i=0;i<15;i++){
printf(“Integers: %d\n”,*(intPtr+i));
}

for(i=0;i<5;i++)
scanf(“%d”,intPtr2+i);

for(i=0;i<15;i++){
printf(“Integers: %d\n”,*(intPtr2+i));
}
free(intPtr);
free(intPtr2);
}

—————————————————————————————–

#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<alloc.h>
void main(){
char *charPtr;
int count=0;
charPtr=(char*) malloc(10*sizeof(char));

scanf(“%s”,charPtr);
printf(“String: %s\n”,charPtr);

while(*charPtr!=’\0′){
printf(“%c\n”,*charPtr);
charPtr++;
count++;
}
printf(“\nLength = %d\n”,count);
free(charPtr);
}

#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main(){
int a=25,b=10;
void add20(int x,int y);
void add20ref(int *x,int *y);
printf(“\n Before function call by val a=%d  b=%d”,a,b);
add20(a,b);
printf(“\n After function call by val a=%d  b=%d”,a,b);
printf(“\n\n Before function call by ref a=%d  b=%d”,a,b);
add20ref(&a,&b);
printf(“\n After function call by ref a=%d  b=%d”,a,b);
}
void add20(int x,int y){
x=x+20;
y=y+20;
printf(“\n Inside the function a=%d  b=%d”,x,y);
}
void add20ref(int *x,int *y){
*x=*x+20;
*y=*y+20;
printf(“\n Inside the function a=%d  b=%d”,*x,*y);
}